Book Report On The Dragons Table - 1912 Words

They were two days into their trip to the Dragon s Table when Chrom noticed a group of cacti he was sure they d passed before. He remembered, because it was near where they d set up camp for lunch the previous day and Sumia had nearly tripped into one. Robin, he said after a second, turning his head to look at the tactician, who was holding the map with an air of confidence, are we doubling back on our route? Hm? Robin looked up, peering into the endless desert as if he could tell one way from the other there. Of course not. It s just that I m sure we ve been this way before, he said, indicating the cacti--which, surely Robin would remember that too? Impossible, was the firm declaration. It s just a similar plant,†¦show more content†¦It s just...I think we...might be...lost? He hadn t actually seen Robin ever give someone a look like that, with the exception of someone he was about to draw a Thoron tome on. We are not lost. We have a map. He peered over at the map, and suddenly noticed something their mapping sessions at night times hadn t quite conveyed to him. ...Do you know where we are on the map? Silence. The temperature seemed to drop about fifteen degrees around them, which was actually rather refreshing. Of course I do, Robin said finally, the same frost in his tone. Feeling as though he was pointlessly jumping in front of a blow, Chrom plowed on recklessly. Do you know where the Dragon s Table is on the map? More silence. There was a very slight tinge of pink to Robin s cheeks now. Well... All right. Find the nearest village then. Chrom sighed. I had hoped to do this without alerting the Plegians in any way, but it looks like we ll need to ask directions. We don t need directions, was the immediate objection. We have a map. Is the Dragon s Table on the map? he asked warily. Of course it... Robin trailed off. That s not the point! We ll find it. Look, we don t need directions. How are we going to find it if we have no idea where it is? Chrom demanded. It s not even on the map, so we need directions. Do you trust the map, Chrom? What? At some point, he had become as lost as he knew they

Kindergarten Chats †Architecture Free Essays

This reading has introduced me to various factors in architecture regarding what it represents and should be in society through Louis Sullivan words. A Terminal Station: The Masculine Implies forceful, direct, clear and straightforward, The Feminine Implies intuitive sympathy, suavity, grace, and qualities of soothe, elevate, and refined. Should be easy to get in and out (efficiency) Outward aspect of the style takes on the ambulance of architecture. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindergarten Chats – Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree, a terminal station should be able to tell us what it is and from the outside, where are the entrances, exists, etc†¦ This is a public figure and needs to be clear. The Key: Each buildings external aspect represents character and it’s up to us to unlock the architecture behind the building. The Architect represents or misrepresents society at large; what his plain duty is, if any what society has demanded and expect. There is a particular trust between the society and the Architects. Whichever way our architecture goes, so will our country go However the architecture is rotten to the core, according to Sullivan, the illusion of American architecture. I agree how the public in large is not heavily involved in how their architecture is designed, thus we are putting trust on architect’s hands. Nature: Is visible, objective forms, contains aspects of beauty of form and color. The elements of earth and air shaped by delicate hand of time A creative impulse of origin In conclusion, buildings are made of materials, but the elements of the earth are removed from the matrix of nature, and reorganized and reshaped by force; mechanical, muscular, mental, emotional, moral, and spiritual. Character: Not confined to the individual, it is also defined by the municipality, the nation, rent trends, and qualities that we the people are demanding in the marketplace. Values: We recognize values in medals, diplomas, or monuments. Brings a sense of community Curtain values in which money cannot measure. Take for example a building, any builder can tell you the estimated value of the property in money terms. However, the value of the building is based on subjective value and Dollar value. Sullivan recommends that both come into play. Human nature determines the subjective value, which is more permanent, but money value is inseparable from the a Roman temple: affairs of life. Sullivan talked about how roman temples are place in great modern cities, at the same time having a strenuous sight, sound, that remind the people of their god. Such a holy precinct shall be doubly sacred to us in our reverence for this union of old and new. An example of how a building can be highly subjective, take for example a bank. Just as we discussed in class, a Bank wants their building to seem powerful with strong values. Sullivan disagrees that banks in America should not resemble a Roman Temple. He believes that it should belong to ancient Romans and that banks an make as much money in any kind of bank. Thus no need for imitations . It was a part of Roman life and their culture, and that goes along with the Roman glory, thus building temples all over resemble a roman death. Taste: It expresses a familiarity with current persons of the culture, or trends. Ђ When an architect loses trust from the people at large, this is called weak taste. I always consider taste as what the market demands, for example having garages in suburban houses because of the demand for car and storage area. A Department Store: Sullivan describes a department stores as a structure that is logical, though, and states directly its purpose, and unmistakable though not wholly gratifying index of the business conducted within its wal ls. It’s directness of statement is its chief virtue. Expanse of glass and light and displays In other words, it stands to reason that a thing looks like what it is and outward appearances resemble inner purposes. This is a great example of Function and Form. Function and Form: Every form we see there is a vital something or other which we do not see, which makes itself visible to us in that very form. A state of nature the form exists because of the function and behind the form is neither more nor less than a manifestation of what you call the infinite creative spirit, called God. Ђ A building is properly designed when you are able to read through and know the reason for that building. The details are not the same as the parts and the mass. Logical vs.. Organic growth Logical is scholarship, or taste, or all of them combined, cannot make organic architecture Logical is common sense, a thoroughly disciplined mind, a perfect quinine, and a gracious gift of expression. Logical can not deal with creativity process, for the creating fun ction is vital, as its name is pure-reason. Ђ Organic correlates to organism, structure, growth, development, and form. Organic implies the pressure of a living force and a resultant structure or mechanism. The pressure is Function and the resultant is Form. Ornaments in Architecture: Sullivan explains ornaments as a decorative application of enhanced beauty of our structures. It’s what gives charm to a building. I agree with Sullivan that it’s a luxury, to a necessary, because of the great value of the masses. Take for example a garage; to me it does not need ornaments, because Just the building itself provides the required beauty. However I agree that a certain type of ornaments mixes well with certain buildings, examples: retail, industrial, residential, office, etc. Beautiful building may be designed that shall bear no ornaments A decorated structure, harmoniously conceived, well considered, cannot be stripped of its system of ornament without destroying its individuality. The luxury of this inquiry becomes necessary; our architecture shall have neared its final development. Ђ Ornament design will be more beautiful if it seems a part of the surface or substance that receives it than if it looks â€Å"struck on. † Both the structure and ornament obviously benefit by this sympathy; each enhancing the value of the other. Also a curtain kind of ornament should appear on a certain kind of structure. Buildings should posses an individuality as marked as that which exists among men, making them distinctly separable from each other, however a strong the racial or family semblance may be. If I stare at my house, I will see all types of Ornaments that have been chosen because of my Hispanic culture, Ecuadorian family, sports, hobbies, and each room has a certain type of style. Thoughts about this Reading I personally did not like this reading as a narrative, because there were many parts filled with a lot of fluff. I prefer to read a reading that is more straightforward and provides real examples and has pictures. Overall, my favorite parts talking about we the people have trust and give total control to developers and architects of designing our lives. How to cite Kindergarten Chats – Architecture, Papers

The Impact of IT on Business

Questions: You are to research a real life business example of your choice and the impact of IT on that business. Important points 1) Does business need IT? 2) Why IT is important for business survival? 3) What is required to apply IT into business? (Cost, planning, designing, equipment, installation, training, etc...) 4) How does business use IT? (internally such as staff, employees, and externally such as customers, suppliers) 5) What benefits and advantages does IT bring to business? (Revenue, flexibility, reduces cost, etc....) 6) What type of risk does IT bring to business? (security, privacy, confidentiality) 7) How can business maintain and monitor IT? Your report will be assessedon the quality of your research and report presentation. Answers: 1. Introduction A new healthcare setup in the city of Darwin, Australia is being planned by Sunshine Inc. (name changed due to confidentiality clause). They are planning to start a hospital named Sunshine Hospitals that would provide care in multiple specialties. Sunshine Inc. is currently looking into ways they can enhance their business to ensure that the best services are provided to their clients. The below report is a detailed statement on how Information technology (IT) industry would be helpful to Sunshine Hospital. The report explains what IT is and its need for survival of the business, highlighting the various benefits and advantages of IT. The report also details the risk of IT implementation and steps to maintain and monitor IT. 2. IT and its need Information Technology popularly known as IT is the method of digitizing data by storing, retrieving and manipulating the same with the help of computers. The IT industry was revolutionized with the advent of complex computer networks and Internet. The need for implementing IT in every business has grown exponentially due the productivity, efficiency and agility provided by the digitized world. Manual labor and human errors can be tremendously reduced when the right software and hardware systems are implemented. Considering the case of Sunshine Hospitals, a simple example would be a patient tracking and billing system. When done manually the job is tedious as a register has to be maintained that collects the basic information of the patient, services provided, medicines suggested, doctors consulted and so on (Devaraj, 2013). Also, if the patient visits for a second time after a long period, retrieving the previous records of the same time consuming. If the same can be easily implemented with the help of IT. A software that has access to a database can be developed and installed onto a computer system. At the reception, the basic information of the patient can be loaded into the software and stored in the database with a unique identification number. From then on, the doctors consulted, services proved etc. can be directly uploaded to the patients record. In case the patient visits again, all the receptionist has to do is entire the ID number. Even if the patient forgets their number, sorting with the help of full name and dates would provide a consolidated list for the receptionist to select the correct record. The time consumed for the entire process is very little and the room for error is tremendously reduced (Smith, 2014). 3. Applying IT into Business To apply IT into business the primary requirement is to identify the areas in which IT would be implemented. IT can be simply used for billing and finance or can be applied to border areas such marketing, sales record maintenance, providing patient reports online and so on. Hence, one factor that influences the application of IT is the areas in which IT needs to be integrated (Bardhanm, 2013). The second factor to consider is the amount of data that needs to be stored, the acceptable lag time and the complexity of the software to be used. In case of Sunshine Inc. Applying IT in the form of Electronic Medical Record along with Picture Archiving and Communications Systems and a billing system is recommended. The hospital would also be recommended to purchase a database to store patient information. The cost for installation of IT systems is considerably high, however, given the advantages and the need to consolidate and secure patient records the services provided by IT would be much a ppreciated than the initial cost (Kohli, 2012). Once the planning is done and the infrastructure along with the necessary software is completed, the hospital staff need to be trained on how to use the IT. However, the user interface is fairly simple and hence training would be quick and easy. 4. Using IT Sunshine Inc. is planning to use IT only for internal purposes currently and then extend the same to the patients. The receptionist fills in the basic information of the patient and the record would be stored with a unique identification number. Once the patient consults the doctor, the details of the doctor and medication provided and test is any, are recorded in to the profile by the attending nurse. In case of test, the pathologist would have access to the data file of the patient and would perform the necessary test and upload the results to the database against the patients record. The doctor would then check the records on the computer to further analyze the patient. Once the necessary healthcare is provided, the system would generate the bill and the same is collected from the patient (Hwang, 2016). 5. Advantages, risks and maintenance of IT Sunshine Inc. is into the health care industry where a simple mistake can cost a patients life. There are several cases in the medical history where patients where wrong treated due to exchange of reports (Ancker, 2013). The room for error in healthcare with IT is close to zero. All the data is available at one place. Patients past records are readily available to best assess the patient. The labor and time consumption is reduced (Dogac, 2014). The major risk with IT loss of data since all the files are stored on a server. Hence, it is crucial to back up and achieve data regularly. Data security is given high priority as all the records have to be confidential (Anthony, 2013). Sunshine Inc. plans to have a dedicated IT wing that would implement, maintain and monitor all its IT equipment, to ensure that the systems are up and running at all times and are free from security breachs. 6. Conclusion Information Technology helps in digitizing data due to which the data can be easily stored, retrieved and manipulated. Every business in todays world adapt IT services in one form or the other to reap the advantages of IT especially its ability to reduce data redundancy, easy store and retrieve and reduction in manual errors. The same features have lead IT to revolutionize the healthcare industry as well. 7. References Ancker, J.S., Silver, M., Miller, M.C. and Kaushal, R., 2013. Consumer experience with and attitudes toward health information technology: a nationwide survey. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(1), pp.152-156. Anthony, D., Campbell, A.T., Candon, T., Gettinger, A., Kotz, D., Marsch, L.A., Molina-Markham, A., Page, K., Smith, S.W., Gunter, C.A. and Johnson, M.E., 2013. Securing information technology in healthcare. IEEE security privacy, 11(6), p.25. Bardhan, I.R. and Thouin, M.F., 2013. Health information technology and its impact on the quality and cost of healthcare delivery. Decision Support Systems, 55(2), pp.438-449. Devaraj, S., Ow, T.T. and Kohli, R., 2013. Examining the impact of information technology and patient flow on healthcare performance: A Theory of Swift and Even Flow (TSEF) perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 31(4), pp.181-192. Dogac, A., Yuksel, M., Ertrkmen, G.L., Kabak, Y., Namli, T., Yldz, M.H., Ay, Y., Ceyhan, B., Hlr, ., ztrk, H. and Atbakan, E., 2014. Healthcare information technology infrastructures in Turkey. Yearbook of medical informatics, 9(1), p.228. Hwang, Y., Lee, Y. and Shin, D.H., 2016. The role of goal awareness and information technology self-efficacy on job satisfaction of healthcare system users. Behaviour Information Technology, pp.1-11. Kohli, R., Devaraj, S. and Ow, T.T., 2012. Does information technology investment influence a firm's market value? A case of non-publicly traded healthcare firms. MIS Quarterly, 36(4), pp.1145-1163. Smith, S.W. and Koppel, R., 2014. Healthcare information technology's relativity problems: a typology of how patients' physical reality, clinicians' mental models, and healthcare information technology differ. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(1), pp.117-131.

Miss Brill By Mansfield Essays - Miss Brill, Brill, Literature

Miss Brill By Mansfield Katherine Mansfield's short story "Miss Brill" outlines an old woman's lack of understanding for a world that she observes so intimately. The story is told from the point of view of an aging insignificant character, who on this particular Sunday is cruelly forced to see herself in a different light. This essay will study Miss Brill's forced development, and the conflict(s) she must face in this story. The story is so completely the language Miss Brill uses to describe her world, that it is left difficult to discuss. In fact, the inclination is to just quote the brilliantly written sentences. The protagonist on the other hand, Miss Brill herself, is not brilliant at all. Miss Brill is the audience to a ?play' pretending like she is starring in it, when really she is barely one of the most insignificant roles. "No doubt somebody would have noticed if she hadn't been there; she was part of the performance after all" (100). The woman, likely 55 or older from Mansfield's physical descriptions, lives her life and thrives in it through other people's experiences. After all, "she had really become an expert, she thought, at listening as though she didn't listen, at sitting in other people's lives just for a minute while they talked round her" (98). Miss Brill's inauthentic yet darkly happy view on life comes to an abrupt halt when a young woman loudly insults her, describing her fur as "like a fried whiting", and then the young man's attack of "who wants her? Why doesn't she keep her silly old mug at home?" (100). Miss Brill appears to be her own antagonist. So fictitious is her life, made up of secondhand experience (and secondhand furs!), that she "imagines she hears something crying in the box" (101) but really she is just incapable of recognizing the root of her tears, which today is grief and humiliation. Miss Brill's development is minimal, even after her little rude awakening in the park. In the story's descriptive beginning, she wanders around somewhat aimlessly playing her role as the observer. At the mood-darkening end Miss Brill still appears to be an observer, but this time one that is close to understanding her own hopeless situation. This time much closer to the truth than earlier the same day.

Tense When Using the Subjunctive Mood of Spanish

Tense When Using the Subjunctive Mood of Spanish Learning not only when to use the subjunctive mood, but which form of the subjunctive to use, can be one of the most difficult parts of learning Spanish verb usage. The rules can appear quite complicated at first, partly because the subjunctive mood is nearly absent in English. But learning the tenses - either in the traditional way of memorizing rules and then applying them or by becoming familiar enough with the language to know what sounds right - is essential to gaining fluency. Four Subjunctive Tenses in Everyday Use In normal usage, Spanish uses the subjunctive mood in a single simple present tense as well as three tenses that can refer real or hypothetical past actions: Present subjunctivePresent perfect subjunctiveImperfect subjunctivePast perfect (or pluperfect) subjunctive Remember that, generally speaking, the subjunctive is used in dependent clauses. Which form of the subjunctive is used depends on two factors: The tense of the verb in the main clauseThe time relationship between the subjunctive verb in the dependent clause and the main verb Although there are exceptions, and the rules of grammar in real life are more fluid than is suggested here, the following list shows the most common (but not only) ways in which the tenses are differentiated: If the main verb is in the present, future, or present perfect tense or the imperative mood, and the dependent (subjunctive) verb refers to action that takes place (whether in actuality or not) at the same time or after the main verb, then the dependent verb should be in the present subjunctive. Example: Espero que comas. (I hope you eat.)If the main verb is in the present, future or present perfect tense or imperative mood, and the dependent (subjunctive) verb refers to action that has been completed (whether in actuality or not), then the dependent verb should be in the present perfect subjunctive. Example: Espero que hayas comido. (I hope you have eaten.)If the main verb is in the preterite, imperfect, past perfect or conditional tense, and the dependent (subjunctive) verb refers to action that takes place (whether in actuality or not) at the same time or after the action of the main verb, then the imperfect subjunctive is used. Example: Esperà © que comieras. (I hoped you ate.)I f the main verb is in the preterite, imperfect, past perfect or conditional tense, and the dependent verb refers to action that has been completed (whether in actuality or not), then the past perfect subjunctive (also called pluperfect subjunctive) is used. Example: Esperà © que hubieras comido. (I hoped you had eaten.) These verbs are often the equivalent of English verbs taking the form of had participle. Note that in many cases there are various ways of translating the sentence to English. For example, espero que comas also could be translated as I hope that you will eat. Because there is no future subjunctive in everyday use, verbs in the present subjunctive form often are translated into English using the future tense. Dudo que me compres recuerdos, I doubt you will buy souvenirs for me. Another Analysis of Subjunctive Tenses Heres another way to look at the sequence of verb tenses: If the main verb is in a present or future tense, use either the present subjunctive or present perfect subjunctive, depending on whether the subjunctive verb refers to action (or presumed action) that has been completed.If the main verb is in a past or conditional tense, use either the imperfect or past perfect subjunctive, depending on whether the subjunctive verb refers to action has has been completed (or presumably completed) at the time of the action in the main verb. These tenses can seem confusing at first. But as you learn the language they will become second nature. To learn more about this topic explained in a different way, see the lesson on the sequence of tenses. Sample Sentences Using the Subjunctive Tenses  ¿Por quà © preferimos que Siri sea una mujer? (Why do we prefer that Siri be a woman?) Both the main verb, preferemos, and the dependent verb, sea (from ser) are in the present tense. The dependent verb refers to an action that takes place in the present. No estoy feliz que el presidente haya ganado la eleccià ³n. (I am not happy that that the president has won the election.) The present perfect subjunctive is used because the election is a completed action. Sus amigos consolaron a Pablo luego de que à ©l perdiera el juego. (His friends consoled Pablo after he lost the game.) Because the main verb is in the preterite and its action clearly took place after the action in the dependent clause, the imperfect tense is used to refer to the completed action. La doctora negà ³ que hubiera comprado un apartamento en ese edificio. (The doctor denied she had bought an apartment in that building.) The action of the dependent verb took place (or didnt) at an indefinite time, and the main verb is in the preterite, so the pluperfect is used.

Advantages of Science

WriteLine(â€Å"enter number with power is to be calculated†); int a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter power†); int b = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p = new Program(); double c=p. power(a, b); Console. WriteLine(a+ † rase to the power â€Å"+b+ â€Å"=†+c); } private double power(int a, int b) { double power = Math. Pow(a, b); return power; } Q2. Write a general-purpose function to convert any given year into its roman equivalent. Example: Roman equivalent of 1988 is mdcccclxxxviii Roman equivalent of 1525 is mdxxv static void Main(string[] args) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter the year†); int number=Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p=new Program(); string samsung=p. ToRoman(number); Console. WriteLine(samsung); } private string ToRoman(int number) { if ((number 0) || (number 3999)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(â€Å"insert value betwheen 1 and 3999†); if (number 1) return string. Empty; f (number = 1000) return â€Å"M† + ToRoman(number – 1000); if (number = 900) return â€Å"CM† + ToRoman(number – 900); if (number = 500) return â€Å"D† + ToRoman(number – 500); if (number = 400) return â€Å"CD† + ToRoman(number – 400); if (number = 100) return â€Å"C† + ToRoman(number – 100); if (number = 90) return â€Å"XCâ₠¬  + ToRoman(number – 90); if (number = 50) return â€Å"L† + ToRoman(number – 50); if (number = 40) return â€Å"XL† + ToRoman(number – 40); if (number = 10) return â€Å"X† + ToRoman(number – 10); if (number = 9) return â€Å"IX† + ToRoman(number – 9); if (number = 5) return â€Å"V† + ToRoman(number – 5); if (number = 4) return â€Å"IV† + ToRoman(number – 4); if (number = 1) return â€Å"I† + ToRoman(number – 1); throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(â€Å"something bad happened†); } Q3. Any year is entered through the keyboard. Write a function to determine whether the year is a leap year or not. static void Main(string[] args) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter the year†); int a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p=new Program(); . leap(a); } private void leap(int a) { if (a%4! =0 a%100==0 a%400==0) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"this year is a lea p year†); } else Console. WriteLine(â€Å"this is not a leap year†); } Q4. Write a function that receives 5 integers and returns the sum, average and standard deviation of these numbers. int a, b, c, d, e; Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter first number†); a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter second number†); b = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter third number†); c = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter forth number†); = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter fifth number†); e = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p = new Program(); int f = p. sum(a, b, c, d, e); int g = p. average(f); double h = p. standard_deviation(a, b, c, d, e, f, g); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"sum of numbers are=†+f); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"averge of numbers are=†+g); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"stardard deriva tion of numbers is=†+h); } private double standard_deviation(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g) { double i, j, k, l, m,deri,squ; i = a – g; j = b – g; k = c – g; l = d – g; m = e – g; i = Math. Pow(i, 2); j = Math. Pow(j, 2); = Math. Pow(k, 2); l = Math. Pow(l, 2); m = Math. Pow(m, 2); deri = (i + j + k + l + m) / g; squ = Math. Sqrt(deri); return squ; } private int average(int f) { int avg = f / 5; return avg; } private int sum(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e) { int sum = a + b + c + d + e; return sum; } Q5. If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23. Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. int sum = 0; for (int i = 3; i 1000; i++) { if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) { sum += i; Console. WriteLine(sum. ToString()); } Q6. A palindromic number reads the same both ways. The largest palindrome made from the product of two 2-digit numbers is 9009 = 91 99. Find the largest palindrome made from the product of two 3-digit numbers. int maxPalindrome = 0; for (int i = 100; i 1000; i++) { for (int j = i; j 1000; j++) { int product = i * j; if (product. IsPalindrome() product maxPalindrome) { maxPalindrome = product; } } } System. Console. WriteLine(maxPalindrome); } } public static class Extensions { public static bool IsPalindrome(this int i) { Listchar chars = new Listchar(i. ToString(). ToCharArray()); chars. Reverse(); return i == int. Parse(new string(chars. ToArray())); Advantages of Science WriteLine(â€Å"enter number with power is to be calculated†); int a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter power†); int b = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p = new Program(); double c=p. power(a, b); Console. WriteLine(a+ † rase to the power â€Å"+b+ â€Å"=†+c); } private double power(int a, int b) { double power = Math. Pow(a, b); return power; } Q2. Write a general-purpose function to convert any given year into its roman equivalent. Example: Roman equivalent of 1988 is mdcccclxxxviii Roman equivalent of 1525 is mdxxv static void Main(string[] args) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter the year†); int number=Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p=new Program(); string samsung=p. ToRoman(number); Console. WriteLine(samsung); } private string ToRoman(int number) { if ((number 0) || (number 3999)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(â€Å"insert value betwheen 1 and 3999†); if (number 1) return string. Empty; f (number = 1000) return â€Å"M† + ToRoman(number – 1000); if (number = 900) return â€Å"CM† + ToRoman(number – 900); if (number = 500) return â€Å"D† + ToRoman(number – 500); if (number = 400) return â€Å"CD† + ToRoman(number – 400); if (number = 100) return â€Å"C† + ToRoman(number – 100); if (number = 90) return â€Å"XCâ₠¬  + ToRoman(number – 90); if (number = 50) return â€Å"L† + ToRoman(number – 50); if (number = 40) return â€Å"XL† + ToRoman(number – 40); if (number = 10) return â€Å"X† + ToRoman(number – 10); if (number = 9) return â€Å"IX† + ToRoman(number – 9); if (number = 5) return â€Å"V† + ToRoman(number – 5); if (number = 4) return â€Å"IV† + ToRoman(number – 4); if (number = 1) return â€Å"I† + ToRoman(number – 1); throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(â€Å"something bad happened†); } Q3. Any year is entered through the keyboard. Write a function to determine whether the year is a leap year or not. static void Main(string[] args) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter the year†); int a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p=new Program(); . leap(a); } private void leap(int a) { if (a%4! =0 a%100==0 a%400==0) { Console. WriteLine(â€Å"this year is a lea p year†); } else Console. WriteLine(â€Å"this is not a leap year†); } Q4. Write a function that receives 5 integers and returns the sum, average and standard deviation of these numbers. int a, b, c, d, e; Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter first number†); a = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter second number†); b = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter third number†); c = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter forth number†); = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"enter fifth number†); e = Convert. ToInt16(Console. ReadLine()); Program p = new Program(); int f = p. sum(a, b, c, d, e); int g = p. average(f); double h = p. standard_deviation(a, b, c, d, e, f, g); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"sum of numbers are=†+f); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"averge of numbers are=†+g); Console. WriteLine(â€Å"stardard deriva tion of numbers is=†+h); } private double standard_deviation(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g) { double i, j, k, l, m,deri,squ; i = a – g; j = b – g; k = c – g; l = d – g; m = e – g; i = Math. Pow(i, 2); j = Math. Pow(j, 2); = Math. Pow(k, 2); l = Math. Pow(l, 2); m = Math. Pow(m, 2); deri = (i + j + k + l + m) / g; squ = Math. Sqrt(deri); return squ; } private int average(int f) { int avg = f / 5; return avg; } private int sum(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e) { int sum = a + b + c + d + e; return sum; } Q5. If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23. Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. int sum = 0; for (int i = 3; i 1000; i++) { if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) { sum += i; Console. WriteLine(sum. ToString()); } Q6. A palindromic number reads the same both ways. The largest palindrome made from the product of two 2-digit numbers is 9009 = 91 99. Find the largest palindrome made from the product of two 3-digit numbers. int maxPalindrome = 0; for (int i = 100; i 1000; i++) { for (int j = i; j 1000; j++) { int product = i * j; if (product. IsPalindrome() product maxPalindrome) { maxPalindrome = product; } } } System. Console. WriteLine(maxPalindrome); } } public static class Extensions { public static bool IsPalindrome(this int i) { Listchar chars = new Listchar(i. ToString(). ToCharArray()); chars. Reverse(); return i == int. Parse(new string(chars. ToArray()));

Business and Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Economics - Essay Example Basically, implicit costs are associated with the relinquished gains of any transaction. In its simplest form, an implicit cost takes place when the person misses out on satisfaction in search of an activity and is not compensated by money or any another form of fee; it starts and concludes with the act of foregoing the gains and satisfaction (McConnel and Brue 392-393). Another good illustration is when one decides to go to a university as a full-time student instead of working on a $20,000 job, this meant giving up earnings of $20,000. The potential earning being "sacrificed" is the implicit cost while explicit costs would be the books, basic tuition fees and laboratory charges, board and lodging and other conventional miscellaneous payments expected when taking a university education. On the other hand, explicit costs are the noticeable types of costs like rents, water and electric bill payments and expenditures on daily food maintenance (McConnell and Brue 410); in a business world scenario, these are the 'out of pocket' or cash expenditures a commercial enterprise incurs to outsiders who supply them resources. A business organisation is said to be making normal profit when total revenues equal aggregate expenditures. This takes place in situations of perfect competition when economic equilibrium is achieved. Economically speaking, normal profit is considered as a cost and acknowledged as one of the two elements of the cost of capital. Basically, this is the opportunity cost of employing consumerist capabilities in the creation or manufacture of a good or the profit that could be obtained by entrepreneurship in another commercial undertaking. Just like the opportunity costs of other resources, normal profit is subtracted from revenue to determine economic profit (Pyle and Larson 157-158). Since normal profit is economically a cost, there is no economic profit at equilibrium.. Is Economic Profit a Cost of Production Yes, by definition, economic profit is equivalent to the amount of output multiplied by the difference between the average cost and the price. This is what remains after all opportunity costs associated with production, are subtracted from the revenue generated by production. In a single-goods scenario, a positive economic profit occurs when the enterprise' average cost is below the value of the product or service at the profit-maximising output. Fundamentally, an economic profit crops up when its revenue surpasses the total (opportunity) cost of its inputs, noting that these outlays comprise the cost of equity capital that is gathered by normal profits (Albrecht 409). In essence, economic profit is the 'conceptually correct' idea of profit employed in economics, that is, if profit is revenue minus cost, then economic profit is the measure of profit. In the recession year of 1998, a lot of country A's residents who found themselves out of a job and short of money organised barter networks for goods and services. If such barter networks covered a significant quantity of goods and services, would measured GDP in 1998 be a good estimator of the actual value of goods and services produced during the year No, it will not be a good or an accurate estimator of the

Germany Travel and Commerce Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Germany Travel and Commerce - Case Study Example Eight years ago in the domestic German market, they currently account for a good share of the domestic market and growth was steady until the global recession of 2007/08; nevertheless, there was reasonable growth in 2009. Internationally, low-cost carriers’ growth was slow in early years of the last decade; however, in 2003 low-cost carriers services grew rapidly until 2008. Today’s airports have become more than just pure transportation hubs because they are both service and communication centers and places of urban experiences on the cities perimeter. German has various major urban centers that host main airports in the country and the urban centers include Berlin, Dusseldorf, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich, and Stuttgart. The main business aviation airports include Schoenefeld Airport in Berlin, DÃ ¼sseldorf Airport in Dusseldorf, Stuttgart Airport in Stuttgart, Hamburg Airport in Hamburg, Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt and Munich Airport in Munich. DÃ ¼sseldorf Airpor t offers various major airlines to fly into it, which include Turkish Airlines, KLM flights, and Emirates flights. The biggest airlines that use Frankfurt airport include Condor, Turkish Airlines, and Lufthansa flights. In Munich, the largest airlines flying into the city’s airport include Turkish Airlines, KLM flights, and Qatar Airways flights. The various largest airlines flying to Berlin’s airports include KLM flights, British Airways and Turkish Airlines flights; however, other airlines like Brussels Airlines fly into Berlin. Largest airlines flying into Hamburg’s airport include Turkish Airlines, KLM flights, and British Airways. The largest airlines flying to Stuttgart’s airport include Turkish Airlines, KLM flights and British Airways (Skyscanner, 2012). British Airways is owned by International Airlines Group (IAG) and shareholders who have limited liability.

In What Ways Have Large Business Organizations Changed Essay Example for Free

In What Ways Have Large Business Organizations Changed Essay In what ways have large business organizations changed in recent decades? Large business organizations have changed in recent decades in a few ways. Some of this ways are that are not always a conventional bureaucracy, they are more open and flexible, the technology used, and the political and economic trends are always changing. Plus there are others, but I’m going to elaborate on the one I had mentioned. In the past organizations had use a conventional bureaucracy approach (the pyramid), where it is a top-down flow. The upper level manager would give instructions to be carried out, and the lower level workers would carry out the instructions. But now days it is a more open and flexible place to work; where instructions are carried out by all members of the organization. And unlike the bureaucracy approach, the open and flexible approach gives the decision making to most or all members of the organization. There has defiantly been a significantly change in the department of technology over the decades. The technology used in the past was files, records, telephones, and fax machines. Now we use computers, the Internet and Web, e-mails, and mobile devices. The connection to the Internet and the Web has even changed over the years since we started to use them. Instead of being a steady passed organization and society that we once was we have quickened are pass to our now fast past world on the go at ever moment. The trends of economy and politics play a role in the organization’s environment, such as the outside factors of an organization that can affect the operation of business. This would include the current events, available workforce, technology, and other organizations. And as the times change, the resources changes with it. Couple decades ago the times where good for what it was, but now days, with the recession times are good for some and not good for others. The recent layoffs, foreclosures, and natural disastrous, in the past few years has not helped a lot, but we are coming back together.

Technology Changes Role Of Database Administrator :: essays research papers fc

Technology Changes Role of Database Administrator The database administrator (DBA) is responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities. The DBA's job description includes database design, user coordination, backup, recovery, overall performance, and database security. The database administrator plays a crucial role in managing data for the employer. In the past the DBA job has required sharp technical skills along with management ability. (Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner 1992). However, the arrival on the scene of the relational database along with the rapidly changing technology has modified the database administrator's role. This has required organizations to vary the way of handling database management. (Mullins 1995) Traditional database design and data access were complicated. The database administrator's job was to oversee any and all database-oriented tasks. This included database design and implementation, installation, upgrade, SQL analysis and advice for application developers.. The DBA was also responsible for back-up and recovery, which required many complex utility programs that run in a specified order. This was a time-consuming energy draining task. (Fosdick 1995) Databases are currently in the process of integration. Standardizing data, once done predominately by large corporations, is now filtering down to medium- size and small companies. The meshing of the old and new database causes administrators to maintain two or three database products on a single network. (Wong 1995) Relational database management systems incorporate complex features and components to help with logic procedures. This requires organizations to expand the traditional approach to database management and administration. The modern database management systems not only share data, they implement the sharing of common data elements and code elements. (Mullins 1995) Currently, the more sought after relational database products are incorporating more and more complex features and components to simplify procedural logic. Due to the complexity of todays relational database, corporations are changing the established way of dealing with database management personnel. Traditionally, as new features were added to the database, more and more responsibility fell on the DBA. With the emergence of the relational database management system (RDBMS), we are now beginning to see a change in the database administrator's role.(Mullins 1995) The design of data access routines in relational database demands extra participation from programmers. The database administrator simply checks the system's optimization choice, because technology is responsible for building access paths to the data. Program design and standard query language (SQL) tools have become essential requirements for the database administrator to do this job. However, this technology requires additional supervision and many DBAs are not competent in SQL analysis and performance monitoring. The database administrator had to learn to master the skills of application logic and programming techniques. (Mullins 1995) The database administrator's job description and responsibilities have changed

Research Proposal for Internal Auditor Essay

Introduction The responsibility of the internal audit is to serve the Ministry of Justice in a manner that is consistent with the Financial Administration and Audit Act, Standards for the Professional Practise of Internal Auditing and with professional standards of conduct. This activity has the potential to provide hitherto unparallel services to management in the conduct of their duties. Background of Study The government of Jamaica established the Internal Auditing Agency as a means of strengthening accountability and reinforcing trust and confidence in financial reporting for public sector institutions. These audits help enhance economic prosperity, expanding the variety, number and value of transactions by means of written reports or consultations to prepare persons who are entering into transactions. (Institute of Chartered Accountants 2005) The value of an Internal Auditor lies in how well he/she is able to contribute to the overall achievement of the organisations objectives. The auditor should always strive to make himself relevantto the ogranisations using the proper methods of providing information to that will allow management make decisions that will impact the organization positively on their ability to achieve organisational goals. However according to the reports made by the Auditor General of Jamaica (2005) audits have been restrictive in terms of scope with the lack of technology in aiding auditor and fraud. This needs to be addressed if the required return on investment in the Internal Audit is to be attained. Problem Statement The Internal Audit Agency (2006) believes that the importance of internal audit is analytically obscure. This belief plagues the importance of an internal audit as a key function that can strengthen the oversight responsibility of the governing body and this attitude reflects management’s view on auditors. To sum it up, Public Sector agencies discredit auditors, The Internal Audit functions in the Jamaican public sector faces a perception and credibility problem as auditors are seen as value adders or fault finders in the government rather than solution providers. Management Question: Why is it that public sector managers find the function of the Internal Audit Agency an inconvenience and what can be done to curb it? Research Questions: 1. Why is there a low support for Internal Audit by Public Sector Managers? 2. What steps should be put in place in order to get the support of management for Internal Auditing in the Public Sector? 3. Is there a comparison between the quality of service the Internal Auditor provides for his organisation and the attitude of managers towards the Internal Audit function? Hypothesis: The quality of service provided by the Internal Auditors for their organization is in no way related to the attitude of managers towards the function of the Internal Audit. Objectives: 1. Examine the factors that are responsible for the low support of the Internal Audit by managers of the Public Sector institution. 2. Identify specific actions required to secure support of managers for the Internal Audit 3. Establish the relationship between quality of service and support of managers for Internal Audit Significance of Study: The significance of the study will be to: 1. Introduce the Agency to the Jamaican public not as evaluators but future planners 2. Improve the public understanding of the Agency’s role in the government 3. To show that the agency aids organizations in achieving their goals and objectives. Methodology Areas covered in this section include : research design, population, sample and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis. Research Design: Â  The design will involve evaluating the role of the Internal Auditors in the governance of the organisations in the public sector. This research is designed to validate the objectives set out by the researcher. Population: The public sector of Jamaica is probably the largest employers of internal auditors. These institutions involve several organisations including ministries, departments and agencies (A). It also includes metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies (B). The targeted population for the study would include: 1. Directors and managers 2. Financial officers, coordinating directors and staff 3. Staff and heads of the audit departments Sampling and Sampling Technique The researcher will adopt the survey type of research in which a sample from the target population will be used for the study. A total of 150 elements will be selected from a target population of 500. The details are as follows: * 20 directors and 5 managers * 30 coordinating directors and 15 financial officers * 60 staff members and 10 heads of the audit department In this research, the researcher will adopt a multistage stratified sampling method to select elements. -The population will be separated accordingly into (A) and (B), as shown above. -Elements in group (A) are the Ministries, Departments and Agencies -Elements in group (B) are the Metropolitan, Municipal and Districts. This separates them to allow the research information to be more coherent and shows that their operations are significantly different. Data Collection: The focus of this data collection is to show the attitudes and perception and the importance of primary data. Secondary data will also be collected to reinforce the data collected. The researcher will have to provide the Public sector institutions with an introductory letter explaining the reason for the research with proper identification and request consent. The initial visit to selected institutions would be to familiarize himself with those institutions and members within the institutions . Data Collection Instrument A questionnaire will be the instrument used in retrieving the Data. It would include structured questions segregated into 4 sections. ‘Section 1’, ‘Section 2’, ‘Section 3’, ‘Section 4’. * Section ‘1’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the first research question * Section ‘2’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the second research question * Section ‘3’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the third question * Section ‘4’ will consist of questions to test and validating the hypothesis Data Analysis The answered retrieved from the questionnaire will be graded in each section and a percentage will be formulated. Limitations The researcher may not be able to cover all the institutions over Jamaica. Institutions may not allow the researcher to conduct research on the organization. References * The Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA). (2007), The Professional Practices Framework. Florida, U.S.: The IIA Research Foundation. * Institute of Internal Auditors (2010) Role of Internal Audit, South Africa * Cahmbers, R. Internal Auditor: Chambers on the Profession (2012) Dilemmas Every Internal Auditor Will Face, http://www.theiia.org/blogs/chambers/index.cfm/post/Five%20Dilemmas%20Every%20Internal%20Auditor%20Will%20Face * Ministry of Justice, http://www.moj.gov.jm/internal_audit * Auditor General’s Department of Jamaica, Annual Report 200, http://www.auditorgeneral.gov.jm/ Table of Contents Introduction 2 Background of Study 3 Problem Statements 4 Management question, Research Question and Hypothesis 4 Objectives and Significance of study 5 Methodology 6 Research Design and Population 6 Sampling and Sampling Technique 7 Data collection, Data Instrument, Data analysis and Limitations 8 References 9

Crimes against information system analysis

Cyber crime or computer crime is a type of crime that occurs through the internet. This type o f crime has become very common in modern times and many people have been conned money and other valuables. This kind of crime has grown to be high profile to the extent that governments around the world are devising and implementing strategies and policies in a move to curb this kind of crime. Some of the most common types of internet crime include financial theft, fraud, intellectual property theft, industrial espionage, spamming, spread of computer virus, software hacking among others (Grabosky, 2006).This paper will review the Nigerian Money Scams also called Advanced Fees Fraud or 419 Scams. The Nigerian scam is one of the most popular types of internet scam around the globe. It has been described as the widest ranging, cleverly planned and bizarre fraud schemes in the world in the recent years. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Interpol and Scotland Yard describe it as prepos terous, amateurish and plainly crude (Lohr, 1992). The scam involves the sending of bogus letters with a promise of big pay offs.The target of this fraud usually receives an Email that claims to be from Nigeria or another West African country. Initially its target was businessmen but these days, the target also includes average citizens due to the low cost associated with email communication and transactions. The content of the email includes an illegal proposal, a money laundering proposal or a legitimate and legal business proposal. It includes offers of help whereby the sender wants some assistance in shipping out oil from Nigeria, romance, some supposedly deposited money in your account, a bequest left a will in your name.Others include claims overpayment of a contract by the Nigeria Government and therefore a need of a front man to get the overpayment out of Nigeria or an invite to transfer a huge amount of money, usually in US Dollars to your personal offshore account (Nigeria n scams, 2000). After the recipient of this message responds positively, the sender then proceeds to advice him what else he requires to do. The purpose of the initial letter is to set the stage and is considered the opening ground to test the waters.Goal of the criminal The main intention of the criminal is to confuse you into thinking that whatever you are being drawn into is a lucrative business opportunity and a highway into instant riches. Even though, the arrangement appears questionable but very few people look at it that way. Therefore the first letter makes sure that the recipient is left with no doubts and that he or she is assured, and confident of the fact that the deal will be very success and that he is not in no way risking himself or herself.The allegations presented by these scammers are in such a way that you will be naturally cautious but deep down you, you will be praying softly and wanting hopefully that the deal is genuine. Another element associated with these emails is a sense of urgency (Gill, 2005). Either that the government is closing in or that the job of the sender is at risk. Therefore, his request is that the deal may be closed as son as possible. Their methodology is that they make sure that the recipient of the mail counts him or herself lucky because he has been singled out from billions of people the world over.And so as much as this deal may look suspicious, the receipt is left with the urge of gaining millions of shillings for doing what? Absolutely nothing. Even to the most skeptical people, they take the next step or sending an email, which will not cost you any risk at all and in return, might make you a multi millionaire. The feeling that being a rich man is only an email away is what makes people respond to this mail. After making that call or sending the email, the sender pleads with you to make this as secret as possible because he or she is taking a great risk in communicating with you.He emphasizes on the secrecy in that any disclosure might lead to the transaction of the transfer of funds being incomplete. As the recipient, you don’t see any harm in maintaining secrecy, confidentiality, utmost sense of purpose and maturity as it is what it will be asked of you by the sender (Lohr, 1992). After this communication, documents actually arrive to you. Official documents from the central bank of Nigeria together with documents from the firm of your newly appointed Nigerian lawyers. This is what convinces most people of the authenticity of the proposal as they contain the Nigerian Government Letter head (Gill, 2005).After you are satisfied of the authenticity of the transaction, you are then asked to pay some money to cater for unexpected taxes or contract fees demanded by the central bank of Nigeria, transfer of funds fees or fees to cater for the attorneys acting on your behalf. The sender assures you that those are things that he is not in control of. For example, he may tell you that th e lawyers want 5% of the whole money or $200,000 in advance in order to continue with the transfer. Being a wise person, you smell a rat and say no way.It is then after sometime that the sender contacts you again and tells you that he has been able to negotiate with the lawyers and they have brought down their fees to say $100,000. He convinces you that it is nothing compared to what you two are going to gain. But since you are a wise person, you say no way (Lohr, 1992). It is then that he calls you again and tells that even though he is a poor guy, he is ready to sell his only house to raise $30,000 if you are in a position of raising the rest. He cannot forget to remind you that it is a loan he has advanced to you and that you will refund it to him once you receive the money.Here, you see the commitment and you ultimately send the money and you wait for your cash. You even start planning for holiday. After two days, you are informed that there have been some few problems and that the inside man is asking for a small bribe. After paying the initial amount, you become the ultimate milk cow. More requests start coming your way for you to send in more money. At this juncture, you are faced with two options: either send more money as demanded or risk loosing the promised millions and the money you have already sent.In this way, you are a prey and tens or even hundreds of dollars may be swindled from you (Gill, 2005). Each amount of money that you send is regarded as the last amount but eventually, there rises some ‘temporary difficulties’, ‘errors’ or ‘complications’ that you are prompted to solve. This may go on for months until you run out of money or until you give up. But these scammers will not stop there. If you show signs of giving up, they remind you of the ultimate prize awaiting you. The asking of these â€Å"advance fees† is the ultimate objective of this scam.That’s why it is referred to as the Adva nce Fees Fraud (Gill, 2005). Once a victim has sent in more and more cash, he gets hooked up to the scam and the more he believes that it is not a scam but that it is a real deal. The denial of most victims that they have been conned is what drives them to make just one more payment and their windfall happens (Nigerian Scams, 2000). There are even instances whereby one is invited to Nigeria and you are taken through real or fake government offices. The fake government offices include many government support staff and you are left with no doubt.In some instances, victims have confessed going to the directory, looking up the number of the alleged government officiate and finding it there. On calling, it is received by the very same person who he has been in contact with. There are some victims who have been invited to go to Nigeria. They are told that a Visa is not necessary and in that case, they bribe an airport official for you to enter Nigeria. On entering you are told that it is illegal to be in Nigeria without a passport (which is true) and this is used to coerce more money from you (Lohr, 1992). Mechanism to discourage these crimesThe federal bureau of investigations has but in some mechanisms in bid to stop these fraudsters. The FBI has warned the public to be wary and not fall into this trick. In this regard, the public has been warned to be skeptical of any email or letter from persons claiming to be Nigerian government officials or any other foreigner asking for help with regard to transfer of large sums of money. The public has also been advised not to believe in the promise of large sums of money once they cooperate (FBI, 2010). Many countries have put in legislations that require citizens to report any form of 419 emails.In general, the governments all over the world are committed to ending this vice. There have also been developments of Internet Technologies which aim at stemming the advancement of the Nigerian Advanced Fee Fraud scams. Through th e use of this technology, law enforcement officers are in a position to cooperate internationally and therefore are able to track these scammers, obtain the necessary evidence and prosecuting them (Lohr, 1992). References FBI. (2010). Internet Fraud. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from http://www. fbi. gov/majcases/fraud/internetschemes. htm. Gill, P. (2005). About. Com. The Top ten internet/ Email Scams.Retrieved August 19, 2010 from http://netforbeginners. about. com/od/scamsandidentitytheft/ss/top10inetscams. htm Grabosky, P. (2006). Electronic Crime, New Jersey: Prentice Hall http://www. nytimes. com/1992/05/21/business/nigerian-scam-lures-companies. html. Lohr, S. (1992). Nigerian Scam' Lures Companies. Nigerian Advanced Fee Fraud Detection, Education, Eradication. The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from http://www. nextwebsecurity. com/ Nigerian scams. (2000). Schemes, Scams and frauds. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from http://www. crimes-of-persuasion. com/Crimes/Business/ nigerian. htm.

Free Essays on The Writer

that form clear images for the reader. Through these images and symbols, Wilbur clearly illustrates a loving parent’s battle to sit back and see their daughter through tough times. There will come a time in a person’s life when he/she will have to be able to live on his/her own and be able to support themselves in order to survive. My parents decide that the best decision was for me to move out of the house for a summer when I turned nineteen. At first I was confused because I thought that I had done something for them to ‘throw me out of the house.’ After time though, I realized that this was the best decision in my life. I figured out that they do love and that this decision was the best decision that would help me become responsible and grow up. Now at the age of twenty-one I live on my own and I know what it takes to survive. When my parents first had me they loved me so much. Growing up they did everything for me. Whatever I needed they would get it. In a way they spoiled me so much that they realized that I depended on them far too much. All of a sudden at the age of nineteen they decided to in a sense ‘cut me off.â₠¬â„¢ They decided that I needed to start to become my own independent person. Not only was it going to be tough for me, but it was also going to be just as tough for my parents. They knew that at times it would be a great struggle to try and make ends meet, but they also knew that this would in a sense turn me into a man. In the poem, was the same thing going on? Did the speaker of the poem really love her daughter? Richard Wilbur’s use of tone and symbols will allow me to guarantee that the speaker had love for the daughter in the poem. The first stanza of the poem really tells it all: In her room at the prow of the house Where light break... Free Essays on The Writer Free Essays on The Writer â€Å"I wish her a lucky passage†(1117). This sentence is the key sentence in, â€Å"The Writer† by Richard Wilbur. Richard Wilbur uses key words that form clear images for the reader. Through these images and symbols, Wilbur clearly illustrates a loving parent’s battle to sit back and see their daughter through tough times. There will come a time in a person’s life when he/she will have to be able to live on his/her own and be able to support themselves in order to survive. My parents decide that the best decision was for me to move out of the house for a summer when I turned nineteen. At first I was confused because I thought that I had done something for them to ‘throw me out of the house.’ After time though, I realized that this was the best decision in my life. I figured out that they do love and that this decision was the best decision that would help me become responsible and grow up. Now at the age of twenty-one I live on my own and I know what it takes to survive. When my parents first had me they loved me so much. Growing up they did everything for me. Whatever I needed they would get it. In a way they spoiled me so much that they realized that I depended on them far too much. All of a sudden at the age of nineteen they decided to in a sense ‘cut me off.â₠¬â„¢ They decided that I needed to start to become my own independent person. Not only was it going to be tough for me, but it was also going to be just as tough for my parents. They knew that at times it would be a great struggle to try and make ends meet, but they also knew that this would in a sense turn me into a man. In the poem, was the same thing going on? Did the speaker of the poem really love her daughter? Richard Wilbur’s use of tone and symbols will allow me to guarantee that the speaker had love for the daughter in the poem. The first stanza of the poem really tells it all: In her room at the prow of the house Where light break...

Pinky's Department Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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The Bamboo And Construction With Bamboo Biology Essay

The Bamboo And Construction With Bamboo Biology Essay The world is at the jaws of crisis in many sectors in the near future. One of the most important of them is the availability of timber. World is becoming more and more urbanized. There must be some sort of solution which can give some relief to the hunger towards the need of timber. We need to look for a solution which must have few characteristics such as A product which can substitute wood in the widest range of purposes of uses.. A product which doesnt have negative environmental impact or is eco-friendly.. A product which can be made in a rural environment to assist in reducing the pressure of urbanization in the current world. A product whose production scale must be such that it shouldnt displace the rural people from its reach. A product which is very much meaningful in the activity. Bamboo is definitely one such solution we got for the near future. Bamboo products can substitute wood-based products in a very wide range. The cultivation and maintenance of bamboo is very easy in comparison with wood. Bamboo can be grown as clumps in most soils and is very cheaper which makes it a feasible material for poor people and in rural regions. More and more people can be involved in this process to make them aware of the possibilities with bamboo. Bamboo based industries must be encouraged by maximum villager involvement as it even requires very low capital. Bamboo based industries can therefore provide the time and space for evolutionary development of the rural economy. 1.2 THE PROBLEMS (1) The world produces 3.5 billion tons of wood from roughly 3.5 billion hectares of forest. Approximately half of that is used as firewood. In the developed world, less than one billion people consume an average of approximately 1 ton per capita per year, hardly any of it as firewood. The richer the country, the higher this amount (in the USA it is 2.3 tonnes). Thus, in the poorer parts of the world, people consume far more firewood than industrial wood (by a factor of at least three to one). The overall objective of world development is that standards of living should rise. At the present, Chinas annual per capita wood consumption is only 0.16 m3 much lower than the global average of 0.65 cubic meters (China Daily, 13 April 2000). Will the developing world start to consume wood in a manner similar to the developed world as it becomes richer. The evidence is not clear but South Korea has seen a quadrupling of its per capita consumption between 1950 and 1990. Although Chinas per cap ita lumber consumption remains much lower than the global average, its demand for lumber has increased drastically over the last few years, while its supply has remained steady or decreased slightly (China Daily, 13 April 2000). Will new technology (email and Internet) reduce the amount of paper used? Again the evidence is not clear but there seems to be no strong trend as yet. The consequences for world wood consumption are therefore very serious if rising standards of living lead to an accelerated usage of wood products [10]. If the world population (six billion now trending towards eight billion in 25 years time) moved to consume wood in a pattern similar to the more developed countries (e.g. 1 m3 / capita in Germany [11]) the consumption of industrial wood (excluding firewood) would need to at least quadruple (as it did in South Korea). It is unlikely that the wood currently consumed as firewood could assist much, for well-known technical reasons (it is often dead wood, small si zed and sparsely distributed). (2) The area of forest is being reduced by continuing deforestation. This is compounded by a growing consciousness that forests have values over and above their timber value (for carbon retention mature forests may not actually sequester extra carbon-for biodiversity shelter and for soil, water and air quality values). Thus the supply of timber-producing forest is decreasing, through preservation, in such diverse economies as the USA, Australia, New Zealand, India and China. (3) In the last two centuries, improving standards of living have been preceded by large increases in population and increasing urbanization. It is paradoxical that the population appears to increase rapidly before gains in living standards appear and that steeply rising population can threaten to cancel out those gains. Developing countries are following along the pattern first established in Britain 250 years ago but with some differences. The English population rose from 6 million in 1750 to 40 million in 1900 but would have increased to over 60 million were it not for the huge outward migration to the US, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Even with that safety valve, small villages like Birmingham increased from populations of only 4000 in 1680 to 400 000 in 1881, as people left the countryside for the towns. They had little choice. There was not enough free land in the countryside for farming. Living conditions for most of the population in these cities were very poor and their working conditions dehumanized. Todays developing countries do not have the possibilities of overseas migration; they face the same pressures towards urbanization but do not wish to reinvent the dark satanic mills of the 18th and 19th century. It would be good if sufficient employment could be found in a rural environment to reduce the pressure towards urbanization. (4) Studies in both the developed economies and the developing economies have come to the conclusion that people work best in small to medium size firms/enterprises where they can see the impact of their own efforts and where they feel that they can have an effect on decision-making. These conclusions find their expression in the general concept of participation. -IAN R.HUNTER, 2002, Bamboo and Rattan, Vol. 1, No.2, pp.101-103, Available at: www.vsppub.com Its not like bamboo can be the only solution for all these issues outlined above but experiences in few places indicate that bamboo can make some meaningful contribution. 2.1Bamboo as a wood substitute The bamboo culm, reduced to its finest parts, is an excellent industrial fiber. As such it has been shown, both in the laboratory and in practice, to be an excellent substitute for wood fiber in such things as paper, medium density fiber board and veneer. There are very few technical difficulties in utilizing normal wood-working machinery to work with bamboo. One difference that does need to be accommodated is the higher silica content of bamboo which can dull cutting edges. With good physical and mechanical properties, low shrinkage and average density of 0.7 g/cm3, bamboo is well suited to replace wood in several applications, especially in panel form. Bamboo mat board and bamboo strip board have been exploited on an industrial scale, and products marketed for various end uses such as flooring, roofing, and other housing components, furniture, packing cases, etc. At present, in China, over 1,000,000 m3 of panels of various types are produced annually in some 200 mills, whereas in India, industrial-scale production of panels is confined to bamboo mat board with about 2000 m3 board by seven mills. The global use of paper is reported to be increased by 5% annually. Today, Asia, and mainly India and China, make the most use of bamboo for pulp and paper. India uses about 3 million tons of bamboo per year in pulp manufacture and China about 1 million tons, and both are set to increase their use of bamboo for paper pulp manufacture (China targets 5 million tons per year). Bamboo pulp is also processed into incense paper in the Philippines for export. Brazil is presently the only American country that uses bamboo for making cellulose and paper. However, bamboo has certain characteristics that are superior. It has a high surface hardness such that laminated bamboo flooring is equal in wear to the hardest American hardwoods. Many of the products made from bamboo can be and are made in small factories with very limited capital requirements; hence these factories can be distributed around the country-side close to their raw material. Bamboo also has a unique role to play in constructing strong light-weight houses. It has been known for a long time that light weight timber frame construction houses offer the greatest safety against earthquakes and also greater safety on earth slips. Lightweight timber framing housing is the norm in New Zealand. In 1987, the small town of Edgecombe in the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand was shattered by force 7 earthquakes. The force of the earthquake was sufficient to tip a railway engine on its side. Yet no-one was killed and all of the houses remained standing. There are two technologies utilizing bamboo that can be adapted to provide similar kinds of houses. In one, bamboo poles can be used in a similar way to timber studs to provide a similar space-frame construction. Work needs to be done improving the joins before the result is as strong as a timber frame house. In the other, a bamboo frame or hurdle can be woven out of split bamboo and plastered on either s ide. The bamboo hurdle effectively reinforces the concrete plastering. This second style of building produces a result which is more culturally familiar in many countries and possibly therefore more acceptable. 2.2 Properties of Bamboo: 2.2.1 Tensile strength: The bamboo fibers run axially. outer zone constitute of highly elastic vascular bundles, which have a high tensile strength. The tensile strength of these fibers is higher than that of steel, but to construct connects which can transfer load axially is merely impossible. 2.2.2 Shrinking: Bamboos shrinks a lot more tan wood when it loses whole of its water. Nodes are very vulnerable during this shrinking. Bamboo shrinks in the cross section 10 to 15% 2.2.3 Fire resistance: Due to the presence of the high content of silicate acid it offers a very good resistance towards fire.. Filled up with water, it can stand a temperature of 400 ° C while the water cooks inside. 2.2.4 Elasticity: Bamboos enormous elasticity makes it a very good building material in earthquake prone zones. Its is very light in weight and can be easily worked on. -Bamboo as a building material, 2002, available @ www.bambusnewengreportsbuildingmaterialbuildingmaterial.html 2.3 Bamboo for construction: There is a substantial role of bamboo in the construction field as it grows naturally, it has strength, flexibility and versatility and is very suitable material in every part of a house when treated and is used properly. Not only there are technical advantages with bamboo but it is very economical as it is a local product in many places of the country and is amongst the cheapest materials available. Recently there are hikes in the prices of bamboo but with proper cultivation and increased production these inflations in the fields of bamboo can be handled. Cultivating of bamboo properly gives high yields. Moreover bamboo can replace usage of timber in many areas. It can contribute towards the solution for the deforestation which is a very major concern in the world. 2.3.1 Roofing: Bamboo shingles whose lengths are almost as long as rafters. The bamboo canes are first halved along their diaphragms and are bisected. Then they are threaded as alternative facing units and are tied. They are held in the supports by their own weight. 2.3.2 Trusses Fabrication of roof trusses is about the most promising use of bamboos. Literally, any span of truss is possible, and as indicated in Section 5, a Fink truss of about 8.5m span can be carried by three workmen and installed by about 5 workmen. The property of lightweight with strength and stiffness is manifested here. Also, substantial savings in the non-use of heavy lifting equipment. (ii) Scaffolding (iii) Disaster Mitigation The lightness of bamboo, wide availability and possibility of building shelter from modular units lends it for use for post-disaster shelter. A project is in the offing by the UNHCR where temporary shelters are fabricated from A-shaped bamboo support frames with horizontal members at the apex and at mid-heights of the A-frame. A water-proof sheet is draped over this frame for cover. 2.3.3 Bridges Bridges attempted consist of: (a) Footbridges: Simple cross-braced frames with the walkway formed at the crutch. Culms of 50-75mm diameter are bound by bamboo lashings. They are suited to rivers with muddy or sandy bottoms where the height above bed does not exceed 5m. A typical crossing might be 20m long. (b) Handcart Bridge: The construction is more elaborate with abutments and pilings. The abutments are formed from pairs of culms staked to the ground. A pair of horizontal culms forms the pile cap and diagonal braces stabilize the assembly. To form the roadway, three longitudinal bamboo beams of 100mm Ø are lashed to the caps and tied together at the center of each bay with a cross-member. 22.3.4 Scaffoldings Bamboo can be used for the construction of safe scaffoldings for very tall buildings because of the favorable relationship between the load-bearing capacity and weight. Bamboo has been used for centuries as scaffolding in Asian countries and, despite competition with many metal scaffolding systems, remains one of the most preferred system in both China and Hong Kong (Fu, 1993). Owing to its high adaptability and low construction cost, it can be constructed to any layout to follow various irregular architectural features of a building within a relatively short period of time (Chung, et al., 2003). They are used in construction sites to provide temporary access, working platforms for construction workers and supervisory staff, and to prevent construction debris from falling on passers-by. In Hong Kong, they are used as Single Layered Bamboo Scaffolds (SLBS) for light work and Double Layered Bamboo Scaffords (DLBS) for heavy work (Chung and Sin, 2002). Bamboo scaffolding, like any other, must possess integrity and must be laterally stable. The foregoing is ensured by the provision of bracing. The bracing is by two pieces of bamboo fixed in an X shape and at an angle of 60o-70o over the section of bamboo to be braced. For multi-storey structures it is required to tie the scaffolding to the building often through 6mm dia mild steel bars (putlogs) pre-fixed to concrete at every floor. A prop is also required between the building and the scaffolding to prevent the leaning of the scaffolding towards the building. The canes are not treated even at their connections and only lashed joints are used. The cane extension is carried out by lashing the cane ends together by using several ties. The ties are arranged in such that force acting vertically downwards wedges the nodes in the lashing. By tightening the ropes between the canes the friction can be increased to the maximum. The vertical and horizontal canes used for scaffolding are joined using soft lashing. This technique has a great advantage that the joints can be tensioned to the right degree without difficulty and even released quickly. -Dunkelberg, Klaus: Bamboo as a building material, in: IL31 Bambus, Karl Krà ¤mer Verlag Stuttgart 1992. 3.1 Mechanical and Structural Properties Bamboo, being a circular, hollow structure has certain mechanical and structural advantages and disadvantages as compared to a rectangular solid timber of the same cross-section. These advantages/disadvantages are, in other instances, complemented or accentuated by the cellulose fiber make-up of the bamboo. These comparative analyses are tabulated in Table 1.0. Some rules of thumb for the relationship between the mass per volume of bamboo and some mechanical properties have been derived by INBAR and Janseen (1991). These are given in Table 2.0. Also, various tests for strength and mechanical properties and design rules have been put forward by INBAR (ISO-22156, 22157, ISO/DTR-23157.2). Comparative Mechanical Properties of Bamboo and Rectangular Lumber (Janssen, 2001) Table 1.0: Comparative Mechanical Properties of Bamboo and Rectangular Lumber (Janssen, 2001) Property Bamboo Rectangular Lumber Assumptions 1. Moment of Inertia, I I = 0.40A2 I = 0.16A2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ For most bamboos, d = internal diameter = 0.82D à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ For timber, mostly h = 2 x b 2. Optimum Material Use, EI 4900A2 2240A2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cellulose = 70,000N/mm2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ E fiber = 35,000N/mm2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 50% of cross- section of fiber is cellulose. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Eà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 350x% of fibers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In bamboos, fiber is 60% on outside and 10% on inside, hence E outside = 35060 = 21,000N/mm2 and E inside = 35010 = 3500N/mm2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Edahoma = 14,000N/mm2 Bending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Compression stress during bending may result in transverse strain in fibers of top face of culm. Lignin in fibres is weak in strain. Coherence in cross- section is lost and EI drops dramatically. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If load removed culm returns to original straight form. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Timber will not regain original length when load is removed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Poisson coefficient for bamboo = 0.3. 4. Shear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shear in neutral layer = 1.3x shear for timber à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smaller thickness to resist shear. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Larger forces on bolt fasteners at joints. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Advantage of not having a ray structure is nullified by hollow nature. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Larger thickness to resist shear. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Has rays. Rays are mechanically weak. Hence, timber material is weaker in shear than bamboo material. 5. Torsion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Better torsional resistance due to circular shape. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Poorer torsional resistance because of sharp corners. Table 1.0 (Contd) Property Bamboo Rectangular Lumber Assumptions 6. Wind Resistance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bending stress due to wind is constant over height of culm. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ At top (near skin) vessels decrease and cellulose replaces vessels, leading to increase resistance to bending stress. 7. 8. Compression Density à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Because of hollow nature and thus greater distance of solid mass from center, longitudinal shortening is greater and thus greater the likelihood of lateral strain in lignin. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Friction due to clamping at top and bottom of culm reduces lateral strain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Amount of lignin deter- mines compressive strength not cellulose. 700 800kg/m3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Solid nature makes for better compression resistance and reduced lateral strain. 850kg/m3 Table 2.0: Rules of Thumb Factors for Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Air-dry bamboo Bending Compression Shear E 0.14 0.094 0.021 24 Green bamboo 0.11 0.075 Ultimate stress (N/mm2) = Factor x mass/volume (in kg/m3) 1 Allowable stress à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  7 x Ultimate stress JANSSEN, J.J.A., 2000. Designing and Building with Bamboo. INBAR Technical Report No.20, page no. 18-23 3.2 Earthquake Resistance Bamboo, being lightweight and hollow, makes it naturally highly resistant to earthquake (because it has high stiffness in relation to its weight). That, it does not shatter at failure means that when the earthquake is over the building can be left standing with relatively minor damage; providing shelter whiles the damage is being repaired. In a 7.5 magnitude earthquake in April, 1961, in Costa Rica, 20 bamboo houses were left standing near the epicenter (Janssen, 2000). 4.1 Problems related to Bamboo. 4.1.1 Structure The available bamboo tends not to be very straight, have variable diameters, culm thickness and show marked tapering. These attributes have a costly effect on preliminary attempts at construction in bamboo, as will be indicated later. 4.1.2 Insect and Fungi Attack More than anything else, the problem with bamboo is pest and fungi attack. Insect attack is through the relatively softer tissues in the inside wall of the cavity wall and at the budding points in the nodes. Fungi attack is severe when the bamboo is exposed to damp conditions. Various methods exist for prevention of these attacks (Jayanetti and Follet, 1998). They range from the sophisticated modified Boucherie process, through immersion in a boric acid/borax mixture in water, injection and painting with creosote, to hanging in a flowing stream immediately after harvesting for at least a week for the sugary ingredients to be washed out. Traditional preservation methods also exist such as curing, smoking and lime-washing. The real effects of such traditional methods are not known since they have not been documented and quantified. 4.1.3 Fire risk 4.1.4 No standardisation possible: no 2 culms are alike 4.1.5Maintenance 4.1.6Difficulty of making the junctions of the culms 4.1.7 No construction skills with bamboo culms in non-bamboo available countries 4.2 Measures to be taken 4.2.1Treatment of the surface For small parts this information about bleaching and dyeing are determined for kite-constructions. though it can ´t support enough weight. Bleaching and dyeing possibly can change the structure of the bamboo that far, nevertheless these methods should be introduced. 4.2.2 Bleaching: For removing traces of resin or wax bleaching in hydrogen peroxide can be done. The bamboo will get perished if it stays long. 4.2.3 Dyeing: There are different traditional styles of bleaching in different countries. In principle: 1. The color can ´t penetrate into the bamboo if at all the wax is removed. 2. The color will become more regular if it is bleached before dying. 3. Fix the color in a solution of vinegar after dying. 4.2.4 Other methods: In Japan, the surface will be peeled off, hydrochloride acid is put on the bamboo and the canes are put in an oven. The canes get a brown color. treating the canes with copper sulfate will give a green color to the bamboo and protects it from mold. These methods only dye the surface of the bamboo. To get a through and through dyeing, the bamboo can be carbonized. The bamboo is put into a boiler and is incubated with a pressure of 5 kg/cm ³ and a temperature of 150 ° C for 20-30 min. After that, the bamboo will be brown through and through. -K. A. Solomon-Ayeh,USE OF BAMBOO FOR BUILDINGS, Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), page no 5-7

Social Networkings Influence on Eating Disorders Essay -- Facebook, T

As many as 10 million woman and girls suffer from anorexia or bulimia in the United States (Steele). Anorexia and bulimia are very serious eating disorders. Many women and young girls feel that these disorders are the only way for them to be accepted by others. However the strive for acceptance only ends up causing pain, emotional harm, or death to those affected. Being a sufferer of anorexia, I know the emotional and physical damage this disease can cause. The root cause of having an eating disorder is still undetermined, yet some doctors and physiologist believe the new focus on a perfect body, shown by the media is to blame. Society’s portrayal and promotion of a thin body image as the ideal female body contributes to eating disorders and poor self-esteem in many woman and young girls. Eating disorders are a group of illnesses characterized by abnormal eating habits. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) classifies eating disorders into three categories: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified, such as binge eating. The history behind these controversial diseases start as far back as 1689 when an English physician, Richard Morton gave the first medical description of anorexia nervosa, which he called "nervous consumption", he said was caused by sadness and anxious cares (Eating Disorders Timeline). The more recent fascination of eating disorders came to light when model Twiggy arrived in the U.S. Her short-haired, super-thin, look altered the fashion industry and shed light on a new feminine body image based on extreme thinness. Twiggy also introduced the â€Å"model† body image known today (Eating Disorders Timeline). In 1994 a study published in the Journal of Adolescen... ...anice. "Old Problem, New Victims." Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, NC). 26 May 2009: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011. Ogilvie, Megan. "How Biology Trumps Image As Cause of Anorexia 'I Became Obsessive..." Toronto Star (Toronto, Canada). 13 Apr 2008: SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011. Onstad, Katrina. "Thin Is Inviolate." Globe and Mail. 20 Nov 2010: L.15. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011. Siegel, Judy. "Link Found Between Heavy Use of Facebook and Eating Disorders..." Jerusalem Post (International). 01 Feb 2011: 6. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011. Schwarz, Fred. "Not Our Stars But Ourselves." National Review Vol. 61, No. 3. 23 Feb 2009: 22-24. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011. Topping, Alexandra. "Kate Moss Fallout: 'Pro-Anorexic' Community Finds Comfort..." The Guardian (London, England). 21 Nov 2009: 11. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.