History of African American Voters

History of African American Voters In the year of 1619, American citizens decided that the new and accepted way of life was to force African citizens into slavery by kidnapping them and bringing them by ship to the land now known as the United States. These groups of people initially were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia. They ended up becoming property and sold as slaves to their white owners. Slave-owners needed and depended on their property to aid in the production of lucrative crops such as tobacco, indigo and cotton. This went on for over 200 years. The northern and southern colonies did not agree on many laws. There was a big disagreement regarding slavery. It brought about the Civil War that took place between 1861 and 1865. Many changes took place. Slavery was supposed to be abolished. When the war was over, African Americans were not readily told that they were free to leave the plantations that they considered to be their homes. Slave masters were afraid that if they left, they would not be able to plant and harvest their crops that they depended on for income. When the freed slaves found out that they could leave the plantations, they realized that they had nowhere to go. Some were satisfied with that and simply set out to go north where they hoped to settle down in any land of prosperity. Others took offers to remain on the plantations and work the land in exchange for food and a place to live. They were not given property to claim as their own. They were only given promises. Everyday life seemed the same. Nothing changed. From about 1900 to 1965, most African Americans were not allowed to vote in the South. When they tried to vote, they were threatened, beaten, and sometimes killed. Many of their homes were burned down or they were thrown off of the land that they lived on. Because most African Americans could not and did not attend school, they were illiterate and were not allowed to vote. Many states allowed only property owners to vote. There were instances where jars were filled with gumballs and the African Americans were told that they could vote if they were able to correctly guess the number of gumballs in the jars. Southern states required African Americans to pay a tax to vote. Laws were enacted that said that people who had gone to prison were not allowed to vote. African Americans were very often arrested on charges for minor offenses to prevent them from voting. Charges were as petty as dropping a peanut shell on the ground or driving with a light out on their vehicle. The police usually knocked the light out after making the arrest. The Voting Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965. It was supposed to help with barriers to voting at the state and local levels for African Americans who could not exercise their right to vote as given in the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. There were not as many problems involved in trying to vote in national elections. News reports citing stories of voter suppression and disenfranchisement of African Americans during the general election that took place in November 2016 captured headlines for months. It was alleged that African Americans faced some of the same obstacles that they did before the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was enacted. African Americans are not represented as they should be when making decisions of who they want to represent them in government. The field is not level and it sometimes causes apathy when it is perceived that their voices will not be heard. Because African Americans are disproportionately likely to be in prison, they are particularly affected by the restriction of voting rights. According to Recoquillon, C. Sydenham, K., (2017): Felon disenfranchisement laws disproportionately affect ethnic minority communities on a national level. A higher rate of incarceration among the black and Latino populations leads directly to higher disenfranchisement rates. As a Human Services Professional, my starting point towards advocacy and social change would be to comprise a group of employers, community leaders and resources to formally address this problem of voter disenfranchisement and other barriers such as lack of job training and housing for felons when they re-enter society. These are all areas that are decided at the state level. Statewide statistics would have to be completed to show that felony disenfranchisement is severely increased by racial disparities in the criminal justice system. A finding would need to be made to show that these laws could be declared not permissible under certain articles of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. A meeting could then be held to lobby local and state congressional members representing certain districts to ask for changes within the state laws regarding fully reinstating rights of felons in the state to participate in these areas. Things are too reminiscent of the days when African Americans were charg ed with crimes just to keep them from voting and playing a role in society that could benefit their lives. Because of my being a part of this diverse group, African American, some may feel that my advocating for this social change may reflect an unjust preference for this historically oppressed group of people. Also many problems and challenges arise with governmental regulations and perceptions of what state representatives and other resource personnel feel should be addressed by human service personnel. They sometimes feel that getting into matters affecting laws and regulations are not within their scope of practice or knowledge. Due to the complex duties of human service professionals on a day to day basis, ethical standards are provided for guidance when dealing with many situations. The preamble of the Code of Ethics for social workers set guidance to be followed. It is very helpful for review when a supervisor is not available. References Recoquillon, C. Sydenham, K. Humanity In Action Inc. Democracys Punishment: Felon  Disenfranchisement. (2017). Retrieved from  http://www.humanityinaction.org/knowledgebase/181-democracy-s-punishment-felon-disenfranchisement

Nowadays the effect of modern society have clearly shown on human society Essay

Nowadays the effect of modern society have clearly shown on human society after 1950’s; however, there still have people live in minority types of family role in the united states and others Asian, Middle East, and Africa are known that man as breadwinner and woman as homemaker. There are few categories that play primary factors including culture and religion, and they become a barrier for people want to live in modern society. Although the changing gender roles of modern society have been observed and been perceived through times, the acceptance of its transformation still causes negative effects to society and family. In modern society, the idea of changing gender roles seem to be difficult not only woman or man do not have the skills for other one’s tasks but it also brings potentially risk to our society. In 1950s, the gender roles have been defined that man as breadwinner and woman as homemaker. As the society’s evolved, a woman becomes more active, ambitious and independent and a man becomes more emotional and involved in house tasks. According to Aaron H. Devor in his article, â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† â€Å"†¦society demands different gender performance from us and reward, tolerates, or punishes us differently for conformity to, or digression from social norm† (527). Thus, when the gender roles are defined in terms of social interaction, then social norms seem to play a key role with it. The social norms tell us how the male and female should behave, expecting people to have their own personal characteristic an d act in a way appropriate to their gender. Even when the changing gender roles affect society, it still needs to consider and follow particularistic obligation of each gender roles. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, woman make up 47 percents of the work place between the ages of 25 and 54 worked outside home in 1995. Therefore, woman spends less time with their children or sends them to babysitter. When the society evolves and the value of the society around us has evaluated as more generalized norms of society, it will affect to the next generation. According to Devor in his article, â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† â€Å"†¦.children initially acquire the value of the society around them almost indiscriminately. To the degree that children absorb the generalized standard of society into their personal concept of that is the generalized other† (530). Therefore, the changes of each parent directly affect to their children and its transformation causes the original characteristic of children to disappear or unnoticeable. Most children consider their parent as role model to follow and learn. Thus, the society and family both play a primary affect to the next generation through changing gender roles. As the previous idea, the family will affect to their children’s gender role; however, the reason unnecessarily applies to all aspects. When the families loosen attention on their children, the lacks of familial concern causes more damaged or perverted and leads the children to the wrong path in future. Each of individual family members which play a central help to their children need to consider what they do or how they behave toward their children. According to â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† the family cannot pressure their children to choose the gender, when the time is right, their children will choose the appropriate gender (Devor 534). I deprecate the way of Devor’s thought, there are statistical datas show that the gender roles of children or adults have been modified by their parent and they are more likely becoming their own gender role. It is only right when the parent helps their children to choose the right path. Because of development of modern society, it appears many people not become what they are such as gays and lesbian, and it is because the lack of concern from their family. In conclusion, modern society has tremendous effects toward the development of our society; however, it also brings the potential risk, and affect to each family generation, and the lack of concerning to children in family during their mature. If we can mix the old and modern family types together, it will give us a perfect family formation in reality. The family cannot live either old type or modern type because it rules out the family existence or cannot have rigid family bond.

How Do I Sell My iPhone App via the App Store

Having seen the success of some developers in selling Apps for the iPhone, and with the iPad now out, there must be many developers thinking Why not Me?. Notable early successes include Trism in 2008, where developer Steve Demeter created the puzzle game as a side project and made $250,000 (net of Apples cut) within a couple of months. Last year saw FireMints Flight Control (Picture above) hold the #1 spot for several weeks and it sold over 700,000. The link above leads to a 16 page PDF where they published their sales figures. Theyre hoping to repeat the success now with an upgraded HD version for the iPad. Billion $ Business There are well over 100,000 registered iPhone App developers, with over 186,000 Apps in the App Store for the iPhone/iPod and over 3,500 for the iPad when this was written (according to 148 Apps). Apple by their own admission has sold over 85 million devices (50 million iPhones and 35 million iPod Touches) and games are the number one category which makes it a lot harder to achieve success. In April according to 148 Apps, an average of 105 games were released every day! A year ago, one billion apps had been downloaded and it now stands at 3 billion. A large number of those are free (approx 22% of Apps ) but its still an immense amount of money paid out by Apple to developers after the 30% cut that Apple takes. Its not that easy to make a lot of money. Creating the App is one thing but selling it in sufficient numbers is a whole different ball game that demands that you promote it, and provide free copies to reviews. In some cases, people pay reviewers to get their Apps reviewed. If youre really lucky and Apple pick up on it youll get a lot of free promotion. Getting Started In a nutshell, if you want to develop for the iPhone: You need a Mac Computer of some kind, Mac Mini, iMac, MacBook etc. You cannot develop for the App Store on a Windows or Linux PC.Join the Free iPhone Developers Program. This gives access to the SDK and Xcode development system which you download and install. It includes an emulator so you can test most apps except those which need hardware such as the camera or GPS.Pay $99 a year for access to the developer program. This lets you install apps on your own iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad. It also gives earlier access to betas and past versions of the SDK. Development Process So youve been developing away and have got a version that runs in the emulator. Next, youve paid your $99 and been accepted in the developers program. This means you can now try your app out on your iPhone. Here is an overview of how you do that. Apples developer website provides a lot more detail. You need an iPhone Development certificate. This is an example of Public Key Encryption. For that, you have to run the Keychain Access app on your Mac (in developer tools) and generate a Certificate Signing Request then upload it to Apples iPhone Developer Program Portal and get the certificate. Youll also need to download the intermediate certificate as well and install both in Keychain Access. Next up is registering your iPhone etc as a Testing device. You can have up to 100 devices which are handy for larger teams, especially when there is iPhone 3G, 3GS, iPod touch, and iPad to test on. Then you register your application. Finally, armed with both application id and device id you can generate a Provisioning Profile on the Apple website. This gets downloaded, installed into Xcode and you get to run your App on your iPhone! The App Store Unless you are a large company with over 500 employees or a university teaching iPhone App development there are only two ways to distribute your apps. Submit it to the App StoreDistribute it by Ad-Hoc Distribution. Distributing through the App Store is what most people Id guess want to do. Ad Hoc means you produce a copy for a specified iPhone,  etc, and can supply it for up to 100 different devices. Again you need to get a certificate so run Keychain Access and generate another Certificate Signing request, then go to the Apple developer portal website and get a distribution certificate. Youll download and install this in Xcode and use it to generate a Distribution Provisioning Profile. To submit your App to the App Store youll also need the following: A list of descriptive words so it can be found in the App Store.Three icons (29 x 29, 57 x 57 and 512 x 512).A Launch image that appears while your App is loading.A few (1-4) screenshots of your Apps screens.Contract information. Then you do the actual submitting to the ItunesConnect website (part of Apple.com), set prices (or is it free) etc. Then, assuming that youve avoided the many ways of getting Apple to reject your App from the App Store, it should appear in a few days. Here are some of the reasons for rejection but its not complete, so please read Apples best practices document: Its considered objectionable e.g. pornography.It crashes.It has a backdoor or is malicious.It uses private APIs. Apple says that they receive 8,500 Apps per week and 95% of submissions get accepted within 14 days. So good luck with your submission and get coding! BTW if you decide to include an Easter Egg (surprise screens, hidden content, jokes etc) in your App be sure to let the review team know how to activate it. They wont tell; their lips are sealed. If on the other hand you dont tell them and it comes out, then so might your App from the App Store!

Argument in Favor of Oedipus Rex - 1516 Words

â€Å"Argument in Favor† Haseena Khan BS 3rd year Departmen of English Submitted to: Ma’am Fehmina Naz Submitted on: 19th September 2011 Argument in Favor of Oedipus’ Fate Play: Oedipus Rex Writter: Sophocles No one can deny freewill of a person totally, so as fate. But as I m in favor of Oedipus, the protagonist of ancient Greek play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† by Sophocles. I think here in it, fate is more responsible for Oedipus’ end. Many questions were raised against Oedipus in class argument about his character flaws, running from the fate, killing his father, marrying his mother, and insulting prophet etc. Here I would try to answer as much I can. Firstly it is important to mention that, it is the play which had great importance for†¦show more content†¦If the fate is already been cast in iron, then what difference do his characteristics make! Teiresias himself said that whatever is written in fate will be done; Teiresias Well, it will come what will, though I be mute. Oedipus Since come it must, thy duty is to tell me. Teiresias I have no more to say; storm as thou willst, And give the rein to all thy pent-up rage. (341-347) If it is to be asked that why he was so aggressive? He should control his anger! Moreover why he murdered four people, as murder is a sin. So it should be kept in mind that he was already upset by the unexpected prophecy and servants became him angrier by attacking him, also he was the same arrogant father’s son, so he should not be blame only. Names from the heroic age were of course often related to the man’s nature or destiny or we can also take it in other way that name effect person’s life. Usually good and meaningful names are considered important because they have some effect on human’s whole life and personality. So we can say that names did their work in this play as well. The name ‘Oedipus’ is derived from a verb â€Å"oida† which means ‘know’ which connects to knowledge and â€Å"pous† means ‘swollen foot’. It can be meant like that, a person who knows his feet, by which he was able to solve the riddle. After solving the riddle, he got famous as the hero of Thebes, he became the new king as Laius was murdered by ‘someone’ and hisShow MoreRelatedParent and Child Relationships of Oedipus Rex and Live Alone1292 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Smith effectively use the strained relationships of Oedipus and Jocasta, and Helen Warren and Clementine to develop their plays Oedipus Rex and Love Alone. While both plays contain parent and child relationships, the type of relationship proves to be radically different. In Oedipus Rex, Jocasta serves as the Queen of Thebes and Oedipus is an abandoned son of Jocasta and current king of Thebes. In the beginning of the play, Oedipus, happily married to Jocasta, has several children with theRead More Incest in Greek Mythology Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pagesset the example, and since everything that happened in society was the result of the passion of the gods, this, of course, gave the characters in the Greek plays the opportunity to also lust after their children and relatives. While the story of Oedipus the King is the delineating play on the subject, Greek mythology is full of incestuous relationships.    The gods who inspired the love and hate relationships among families include Hermes, who used his magical use of language to lure the feelingsRead MoreThe power to change feelings Essay3615 Words   |  15 PagesSophocles’ play Oedipus Rex serves as the best example of this genre with its defining components aimed to arouse both pity and fear in the audience. According to Aristotle, â€Å". . . [P]lot is the soul of a tragedy. Such a plot must involve a protagonist who is better than ordinary people, and this virtuous person must be brought from happiness to misery† (Handbook 505). Tragedy as a genre has remained an important motif over time and can be seen specifically in three major works: Oedipus Rex, MacbethRead MoreAntigone : A Portrait Of Ancient Greece2905 Words   |  12 Pagessize hints at the prominence of this fallen warrior. Another explanation shows that soldiers were held in high regard in death, leading to signs of importance, such as a large and de tailed amphora. Since Polyneices was both a soldier and the son of Oedipus, he would have likely received such an amphora had he been given a proper burial. Antigone’s outrage multiplies knowing that her own brother was spurned this honor in death. Polyneices could have possibly been afforded a grave marker such as the graveRead MoreAllusive Idioms from Greek Myths and English Learning2617 Words   |  11 Pagesfantastic story in each Greek myth. Here, I just list a few allusions of Greek myths to show how important and interesting to know something about them. Achilles ¡Ã‚ ¯ heel : it means a point of weakness in a seemingly invulnerable person, position, argument, or organization. Based on post Homeric legends about Achilles, it is told that his mother Thetis submerged him as a baby in the magical waters of the River Styx to make him invulnerable. But as a result of holding him by his heel, she inadvertentlyRead MorePros and Cons of Incest3450 Words   |  14 Pagesproportions held up among women born more than a century later when couples were, on average, having fewer children. Furthermore, these new studies suggest that mating with a relative can reduce the chances of having miscarriages. One evolutionary argument for mating with a relative is that it might reduce a womans chance of having a miscarriage caused by immunological incompatibility between a mother and her child. Some individuals have an antigen (a protein that can launch an immune response) onRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages_______ He should give the woman an overdose that will make her die _______ Can’t decide _______ Should not give the overdose Importance ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 1. Is the woman’s family in favor of giving her the overdose? 2. Is the doctor obligated by the same laws as everybody else? 3. Would people be better off without society regimenting their lives and even their deaths? 4. Should the doctor make the woman’s death from a drug overdose

Book Report On The Dragons Table - 1912 Words

They were two days into their trip to the Dragon s Table when Chrom noticed a group of cacti he was sure they d passed before. He remembered, because it was near where they d set up camp for lunch the previous day and Sumia had nearly tripped into one. Robin, he said after a second, turning his head to look at the tactician, who was holding the map with an air of confidence, are we doubling back on our route? Hm? Robin looked up, peering into the endless desert as if he could tell one way from the other there. Of course not. It s just that I m sure we ve been this way before, he said, indicating the cacti--which, surely Robin would remember that too? Impossible, was the firm declaration. It s just a similar plant,†¦show more content†¦It s just...I think we...might be...lost? He hadn t actually seen Robin ever give someone a look like that, with the exception of someone he was about to draw a Thoron tome on. We are not lost. We have a map. He peered over at the map, and suddenly noticed something their mapping sessions at night times hadn t quite conveyed to him. ...Do you know where we are on the map? Silence. The temperature seemed to drop about fifteen degrees around them, which was actually rather refreshing. Of course I do, Robin said finally, the same frost in his tone. Feeling as though he was pointlessly jumping in front of a blow, Chrom plowed on recklessly. Do you know where the Dragon s Table is on the map? More silence. There was a very slight tinge of pink to Robin s cheeks now. Well... All right. Find the nearest village then. Chrom sighed. I had hoped to do this without alerting the Plegians in any way, but it looks like we ll need to ask directions. We don t need directions, was the immediate objection. We have a map. Is the Dragon s Table on the map? he asked warily. Of course it... Robin trailed off. That s not the point! We ll find it. Look, we don t need directions. How are we going to find it if we have no idea where it is? Chrom demanded. It s not even on the map, so we need directions. Do you trust the map, Chrom? What? At some point, he had become as lost as he knew they

Kindergarten Chats †Architecture Free Essays

This reading has introduced me to various factors in architecture regarding what it represents and should be in society through Louis Sullivan words. A Terminal Station: The Masculine Implies forceful, direct, clear and straightforward, The Feminine Implies intuitive sympathy, suavity, grace, and qualities of soothe, elevate, and refined. Should be easy to get in and out (efficiency) Outward aspect of the style takes on the ambulance of architecture. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindergarten Chats – Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree, a terminal station should be able to tell us what it is and from the outside, where are the entrances, exists, etc†¦ This is a public figure and needs to be clear. The Key: Each buildings external aspect represents character and it’s up to us to unlock the architecture behind the building. The Architect represents or misrepresents society at large; what his plain duty is, if any what society has demanded and expect. There is a particular trust between the society and the Architects. Whichever way our architecture goes, so will our country go However the architecture is rotten to the core, according to Sullivan, the illusion of American architecture. I agree how the public in large is not heavily involved in how their architecture is designed, thus we are putting trust on architect’s hands. Nature: Is visible, objective forms, contains aspects of beauty of form and color. The elements of earth and air shaped by delicate hand of time A creative impulse of origin In conclusion, buildings are made of materials, but the elements of the earth are removed from the matrix of nature, and reorganized and reshaped by force; mechanical, muscular, mental, emotional, moral, and spiritual. Character: Not confined to the individual, it is also defined by the municipality, the nation, rent trends, and qualities that we the people are demanding in the marketplace. Values: We recognize values in medals, diplomas, or monuments. Brings a sense of community Curtain values in which money cannot measure. Take for example a building, any builder can tell you the estimated value of the property in money terms. However, the value of the building is based on subjective value and Dollar value. Sullivan recommends that both come into play. Human nature determines the subjective value, which is more permanent, but money value is inseparable from the a Roman temple: affairs of life. Sullivan talked about how roman temples are place in great modern cities, at the same time having a strenuous sight, sound, that remind the people of their god. Such a holy precinct shall be doubly sacred to us in our reverence for this union of old and new. An example of how a building can be highly subjective, take for example a bank. Just as we discussed in class, a Bank wants their building to seem powerful with strong values. Sullivan disagrees that banks in America should not resemble a Roman Temple. He believes that it should belong to ancient Romans and that banks an make as much money in any kind of bank. Thus no need for imitations . It was a part of Roman life and their culture, and that goes along with the Roman glory, thus building temples all over resemble a roman death. Taste: It expresses a familiarity with current persons of the culture, or trends. Ђ When an architect loses trust from the people at large, this is called weak taste. I always consider taste as what the market demands, for example having garages in suburban houses because of the demand for car and storage area. A Department Store: Sullivan describes a department stores as a structure that is logical, though, and states directly its purpose, and unmistakable though not wholly gratifying index of the business conducted within its wal ls. It’s directness of statement is its chief virtue. Expanse of glass and light and displays In other words, it stands to reason that a thing looks like what it is and outward appearances resemble inner purposes. This is a great example of Function and Form. Function and Form: Every form we see there is a vital something or other which we do not see, which makes itself visible to us in that very form. A state of nature the form exists because of the function and behind the form is neither more nor less than a manifestation of what you call the infinite creative spirit, called God. Ђ A building is properly designed when you are able to read through and know the reason for that building. The details are not the same as the parts and the mass. Logical vs.. Organic growth Logical is scholarship, or taste, or all of them combined, cannot make organic architecture Logical is common sense, a thoroughly disciplined mind, a perfect quinine, and a gracious gift of expression. Logical can not deal with creativity process, for the creating fun ction is vital, as its name is pure-reason. Ђ Organic correlates to organism, structure, growth, development, and form. Organic implies the pressure of a living force and a resultant structure or mechanism. The pressure is Function and the resultant is Form. Ornaments in Architecture: Sullivan explains ornaments as a decorative application of enhanced beauty of our structures. It’s what gives charm to a building. I agree with Sullivan that it’s a luxury, to a necessary, because of the great value of the masses. Take for example a garage; to me it does not need ornaments, because Just the building itself provides the required beauty. However I agree that a certain type of ornaments mixes well with certain buildings, examples: retail, industrial, residential, office, etc. Beautiful building may be designed that shall bear no ornaments A decorated structure, harmoniously conceived, well considered, cannot be stripped of its system of ornament without destroying its individuality. The luxury of this inquiry becomes necessary; our architecture shall have neared its final development. Ђ Ornament design will be more beautiful if it seems a part of the surface or substance that receives it than if it looks â€Å"struck on. † Both the structure and ornament obviously benefit by this sympathy; each enhancing the value of the other. Also a curtain kind of ornament should appear on a certain kind of structure. Buildings should posses an individuality as marked as that which exists among men, making them distinctly separable from each other, however a strong the racial or family semblance may be. If I stare at my house, I will see all types of Ornaments that have been chosen because of my Hispanic culture, Ecuadorian family, sports, hobbies, and each room has a certain type of style. Thoughts about this Reading I personally did not like this reading as a narrative, because there were many parts filled with a lot of fluff. I prefer to read a reading that is more straightforward and provides real examples and has pictures. Overall, my favorite parts talking about we the people have trust and give total control to developers and architects of designing our lives. How to cite Kindergarten Chats – Architecture, Papers

The Impact of IT on Business

Questions: You are to research a real life business example of your choice and the impact of IT on that business. Important points 1) Does business need IT? 2) Why IT is important for business survival? 3) What is required to apply IT into business? (Cost, planning, designing, equipment, installation, training, etc...) 4) How does business use IT? (internally such as staff, employees, and externally such as customers, suppliers) 5) What benefits and advantages does IT bring to business? (Revenue, flexibility, reduces cost, etc....) 6) What type of risk does IT bring to business? (security, privacy, confidentiality) 7) How can business maintain and monitor IT? Your report will be assessedon the quality of your research and report presentation. Answers: 1. Introduction A new healthcare setup in the city of Darwin, Australia is being planned by Sunshine Inc. (name changed due to confidentiality clause). They are planning to start a hospital named Sunshine Hospitals that would provide care in multiple specialties. Sunshine Inc. is currently looking into ways they can enhance their business to ensure that the best services are provided to their clients. The below report is a detailed statement on how Information technology (IT) industry would be helpful to Sunshine Hospital. The report explains what IT is and its need for survival of the business, highlighting the various benefits and advantages of IT. The report also details the risk of IT implementation and steps to maintain and monitor IT. 2. IT and its need Information Technology popularly known as IT is the method of digitizing data by storing, retrieving and manipulating the same with the help of computers. The IT industry was revolutionized with the advent of complex computer networks and Internet. The need for implementing IT in every business has grown exponentially due the productivity, efficiency and agility provided by the digitized world. Manual labor and human errors can be tremendously reduced when the right software and hardware systems are implemented. Considering the case of Sunshine Hospitals, a simple example would be a patient tracking and billing system. When done manually the job is tedious as a register has to be maintained that collects the basic information of the patient, services provided, medicines suggested, doctors consulted and so on (Devaraj, 2013). Also, if the patient visits for a second time after a long period, retrieving the previous records of the same time consuming. If the same can be easily implemented with the help of IT. A software that has access to a database can be developed and installed onto a computer system. At the reception, the basic information of the patient can be loaded into the software and stored in the database with a unique identification number. From then on, the doctors consulted, services proved etc. can be directly uploaded to the patients record. In case the patient visits again, all the receptionist has to do is entire the ID number. Even if the patient forgets their number, sorting with the help of full name and dates would provide a consolidated list for the receptionist to select the correct record. The time consumed for the entire process is very little and the room for error is tremendously reduced (Smith, 2014). 3. Applying IT into Business To apply IT into business the primary requirement is to identify the areas in which IT would be implemented. IT can be simply used for billing and finance or can be applied to border areas such marketing, sales record maintenance, providing patient reports online and so on. Hence, one factor that influences the application of IT is the areas in which IT needs to be integrated (Bardhanm, 2013). The second factor to consider is the amount of data that needs to be stored, the acceptable lag time and the complexity of the software to be used. In case of Sunshine Inc. Applying IT in the form of Electronic Medical Record along with Picture Archiving and Communications Systems and a billing system is recommended. The hospital would also be recommended to purchase a database to store patient information. The cost for installation of IT systems is considerably high, however, given the advantages and the need to consolidate and secure patient records the services provided by IT would be much a ppreciated than the initial cost (Kohli, 2012). Once the planning is done and the infrastructure along with the necessary software is completed, the hospital staff need to be trained on how to use the IT. However, the user interface is fairly simple and hence training would be quick and easy. 4. Using IT Sunshine Inc. is planning to use IT only for internal purposes currently and then extend the same to the patients. The receptionist fills in the basic information of the patient and the record would be stored with a unique identification number. Once the patient consults the doctor, the details of the doctor and medication provided and test is any, are recorded in to the profile by the attending nurse. In case of test, the pathologist would have access to the data file of the patient and would perform the necessary test and upload the results to the database against the patients record. The doctor would then check the records on the computer to further analyze the patient. Once the necessary healthcare is provided, the system would generate the bill and the same is collected from the patient (Hwang, 2016). 5. Advantages, risks and maintenance of IT Sunshine Inc. is into the health care industry where a simple mistake can cost a patients life. There are several cases in the medical history where patients where wrong treated due to exchange of reports (Ancker, 2013). The room for error in healthcare with IT is close to zero. All the data is available at one place. Patients past records are readily available to best assess the patient. The labor and time consumption is reduced (Dogac, 2014). The major risk with IT loss of data since all the files are stored on a server. Hence, it is crucial to back up and achieve data regularly. Data security is given high priority as all the records have to be confidential (Anthony, 2013). Sunshine Inc. plans to have a dedicated IT wing that would implement, maintain and monitor all its IT equipment, to ensure that the systems are up and running at all times and are free from security breachs. 6. Conclusion Information Technology helps in digitizing data due to which the data can be easily stored, retrieved and manipulated. Every business in todays world adapt IT services in one form or the other to reap the advantages of IT especially its ability to reduce data redundancy, easy store and retrieve and reduction in manual errors. The same features have lead IT to revolutionize the healthcare industry as well. 7. References Ancker, J.S., Silver, M., Miller, M.C. and Kaushal, R., 2013. Consumer experience with and attitudes toward health information technology: a nationwide survey. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(1), pp.152-156. Anthony, D., Campbell, A.T., Candon, T., Gettinger, A., Kotz, D., Marsch, L.A., Molina-Markham, A., Page, K., Smith, S.W., Gunter, C.A. and Johnson, M.E., 2013. Securing information technology in healthcare. IEEE security privacy, 11(6), p.25. Bardhan, I.R. and Thouin, M.F., 2013. Health information technology and its impact on the quality and cost of healthcare delivery. Decision Support Systems, 55(2), pp.438-449. Devaraj, S., Ow, T.T. and Kohli, R., 2013. Examining the impact of information technology and patient flow on healthcare performance: A Theory of Swift and Even Flow (TSEF) perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 31(4), pp.181-192. Dogac, A., Yuksel, M., Ertrkmen, G.L., Kabak, Y., Namli, T., Yldz, M.H., Ay, Y., Ceyhan, B., Hlr, ., ztrk, H. and Atbakan, E., 2014. Healthcare information technology infrastructures in Turkey. Yearbook of medical informatics, 9(1), p.228. Hwang, Y., Lee, Y. and Shin, D.H., 2016. The role of goal awareness and information technology self-efficacy on job satisfaction of healthcare system users. Behaviour Information Technology, pp.1-11. Kohli, R., Devaraj, S. and Ow, T.T., 2012. Does information technology investment influence a firm's market value? A case of non-publicly traded healthcare firms. 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